Triadimefon in aquatic environments: occurrence, fate, toxicity, and ecological risk

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Background As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on organisms have resulted global concerns. In this review, current state knowledge occurrence, environmental behavior, toxic are presented to conduct an assessment risks posed by concentrations environments. Results key findings from review that: (1) occurred surface waters, with high rates detection; (2) abiotic degradation was affected many factors. Stereoselectivity found during biotic metabolism triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various effects, which complicates requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) exposure affect causing multiple thyroid, reproductive system, liver, nervous system as well carcinogenicity teratogenicity, it also act synergistically other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose were considered be main characteristics triadimefon; (4) results risk based probabilistic relationships represented joint probability curves (JPCs) indicated that classified low risk. Conclusion Triadimefon detection, while concentration data water insufficient. Researches about mechanisms invertebrate needed. Meanwhile, researches chiral monomers required. Due its toxicity, might result population level or even ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides long-term such need consider higher-level ecological

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Sciences Europe

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2190-4715', '2190-4707']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00590-7